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Taiwan 2002

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		Introduction Foreword National Symbols National Designation/ROC Year Designations National Anthem National Flag National Flower Biographies Sun Yat-sen (Founding Father, Republic of China) Chen Shui-bian (Tenth-term President, Republic of China) Hsiu-lien Annette Lu (Tenth-term Vice President, Republic of China) Yu Shyi-kun (Premier, Republic of China) Land and People Geography Taiwan Mountain Ranges Central Range Mount Snow Range Mount Jade Range Mount Ali Range East Coastal Range Volcanic Mountains Foothills Terrace Tablelands Coastal Plains, Basins, and Valleys Rivers Natural Vegetation and Soils Climate Earthquakes Penghu Islands Climate Kinmen (Quemoy) Matsu South China Sea Tungsha (Pratas) Islands Nansha (Spratly) Islands Pacific Coast Islands Charts, tables, and boxes: Position of Taiwan Area of Taiwan High Peaks in Taiwan Major Rivers in Taiwan Climatic Statistics for Selected Locations in Taiwan Typhoons in 2000 Further Reading Related Websites People Taiwan's Population Distribution Population Policy Gender Imbalance Taiwan's Ethnic Composition Taiwan's Indigenous Peoples Atayal Saisiyat Bunun Tsou and Shao Paiwan and Rukai Puyuma Ami Yami The Life of Taiwan's Indigenous Peoples Today Search for an Appropriate Name Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Charts, tables, and boxes: Population Density of the Taiwan Area--December 2000 Population Statistics for the Taiwan and Fujian Areas by Locality Population of Indigenous Peoples in Taiwan, 2001 Distribution of Aboriginal Tribes in Taiwan Minority Studies in Taiwan Related Websites Language The National Language The Choice of Mandarin Phonetic Symbols Romanization Languages in Taiwan Today The Native Languages Language Education A Cross-Strait Comparison Chinese Language Resources Online Charts, tables, and boxes: Distribution of Regional Dialects in Taiwan Main Chinese Language Centers in Taiwan Further Reading History History of Taiwan Earliest Inhabitants European Colonization Cheng Cheng-kung and Defeat of the Dutch Ching Rule Over the Island Japanese Colonization The ROC on Taiwan Tragic Early Days Rapid Development after 1950 Miraculous Economic Transformation Education Politics and Foreign Relations Present and Future Charts, tables, and boxes: Taiwan Chronology Government and Diplomacy Government The Constitution Constitutional Rights and Freedoms Government, Economic, and Social Policies Governmental Structure The Presidency Functions Special Powers Nominating Officials Resolving Inter-Branch Disputes Exercising Emergency Powers Dissolving the Legislative Yuan The Office of the President Administration Subordinate Offices The National Assembly Delegates Five Government Branches Executive Yuan Executive Yuan Council Ministries and Other Organizations Relationship with the Legislative Yuan Relationship with the Judicial Yuan Relationship with the Examination Yuan Relationship with the Control Yuan Legal Affairs Legislative Yuan Functions and Powers Election and Tenure of Office Immunity and Restrictions Organization and Functions Judicial Yuan The Council of Grand Justices Interpretation of the Constitution Unified Interpretation of Laws and Ordinances The Constitutional Court Commission on the Disciplinary Sanctions of Public Functionaries The ROC Court System District Courts High Courts The Supreme Court The Supreme and High Administrative Courts Judicial Reform Examination Yuan Organization and Functions Examinations Civil Servants Control Yuan Organization Members Functions Provincial Government The Role of the Provincial Government The Provisional Statute on the Adjustment of the Function, Business, and Organization of the Taiwan Provincial Government The Fujian Provincial Government Special Municipality Government Taipei City Government Kaohsiung City Government City Councils City Government and Council Relationship County and Provincial Municipality Governments City Ranking Cities and Townships under County Governments Villages and Boroughs Reinvention of Government Charts, tables, and boxes: ROC Constitutional Amendments Organization of the Central Government Budget Allocation Further Reading Related Websites Democratic Electoral System Electoral Systems Political Parties Democratic Progressive Party The Kuomintang New Party People First Party Taiwan Solidarity Union Elections First Direct Presidential Election Third National Assembly County Magistrates and City Mayors County and City Councilors and Township Magistrates The 1998 "Three-in-One" Elections 2000 Presidential Election The 2001 Elections for Legislative Yuan and County Magistrates and City Mayors Recalls and Referendums Charts, tables, and boxes: Central Election Commission Percentage of Votes Obtained in Major Elections Between 1997 and 2000 (except 1998 Legislative Yuan Members) Legislative Yuan Elections 2001 Election for County Magistrates and City Mayors Cross-Strait Relations The Status of a Divided China Guidelines for National Unification Statute Governing Relations Organizational Structures National Unification Council Mainland Affairs Council Straits Exchange Foundation Cross-Strait Consultations 2000-2001 Cross-Strait Relations Efforts of Goodwill Reconciliation New Prospects Public Opinion Polls Cross-Strait Exchanges The "Three Mini-Links" Implementation of the TML for Kinmen and Matsu Shipping Link Merchandise Trade Entry and Exit of Personnel Decriminalization Hong Kong and Macau History of Hong Kong History of Macau Policy Toward Hong Kong and Macau Looking to the Future Charts, tables, and boxes: A Statistical Comparison Is the "One Country, Two Systems" Formula Applicable to Solving the Problems Across the Taiwan Strait? Unification or Independence? Unconditional Liberalization Versus Conditional Liberalization of Direct Transportation Link Exchanges Between Taiwan and the Chinese Mainland in 2000 Related Websites National Defense Current Defense Policy Budgetary Reductions Maximizing Effectiveness Command Structure Ministry of National Defense General Staff Headquarters, MND General Headquarters of Each Service Army General Headquarters Navy General Headquarters Air Force General Headquarters Combined Services Force General Headquarters Armed Forces Reserve Command Military Police Command Manpower Structure Officers Noncommissioned Officers (NCO) Conscripts Manpower and Equipment Ground Forces Military Police Navy Air Force Military Mobilization Military Education Military Academies Defense R&D Chungshan Institute of Science and Technology Tables, charts, and boxes: Defense Share of Total Government Budget 1992-2002 Related Websites Foreign Relations People's Diplomacy Multilateral Relations The United Nations (UN) The World Trade Organization (WTO) The World Health Organization (WHO) Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Bilateralism Asia and the Pacific Northeast Asia Southeast Asia South Asia Oceania West Asia Africa Europe North America The United States Canada Latin America and the Caribbean Development Cooperation and Humanitarian Aid Humanitarian Assistance Overseas Chinese Emigration Trends and ROC Policy Reception Services Culture and Education Economic Integration Political Participation Conclusion: An End to the Obstruction of Taiwanese Participation Tables, charts, and boxes: ROC Membership in International Non-governmental Organizations Distribution of Technical Mission Projects by Location European Parliaments with "Friends of Taiwan" Groupings Program Distribution of Approved Loans Technical Cooperation and Humanitarian Aid Overseas Chinese Demographic Distribution Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission Related Websites Economy The Economy Macroeconomic Indicators Trade Exports Imports Investment Inward Investment Outward Investment Economic Ties with the Chinese Mainland Cross-Strait Trade Investment on the Chinese Mainland Active Opening, Effective Management Economic Development Advisory Conference Services Industrial Production Information Technology Industry Automobile Industry Textiles Petrochemicals WTO Accession and Impact Energy Supply Consumption Oil and Natural Gas Coal Electricity Nuclear Power Renewable Energy Sources Energy Prices Charts, tables, and boxes: Major Economic Indicators Trading Partners China External Trade Development Council Government Oversight of the Economy Major Export Products in 2000 Major Import Products in 2000 Approved Outward Investments in 2000 Cross-Strait Trade (MAC Estimates) Approved Mainland Investments by Sector Between 1991 and 2000 Taiwan as a Green Silicon Island SMEs GDP Sector Percentages Governmental Economic Planning World Market Share of Taiwan's Major Information Products in 2000 Further Reading Related Websites Finance and Banking Public Finance Government Expenditures Government Revenues Debt Obligations Money and Banking Money Financial Institutions Money Market Bond Market Interest Rates Foreign Exchange Market Stock Market Financial Restructuring Charts, tables, and boxes: Government Revenues and Expenditures Money Supply Financial Institutions Financial Indicators Related Websites Agriculture Farmers Land Farmland Rezoning Farmland Consolidation Farmland Utilization Project Water Crops Rice Rice-field Diversion Program Rice Purchasing Program Rice Quality Improvement Vegetables Fruits Sugar Cane Tea Flowers Recreational Agriculture Agritourism Fishing Industry Aquaculture Livestock Industry Agricultural Prospects Charts, tables, and boxes: Government Agricultural Agencies Farmland Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Taiwan Area Tea Industry Major Livestock Production in Taiwan Related Websites Environmental Protection Air Quality Noise Pollution Water Resources Land Subsidence Solid Waste Disposal Recycling Industrial Waste Management Wildlife Conservation Legal Framework Enforcement of Wildlife Conservation Laws Wildlife Products in Traditional Chinese Medicine Habitat Protection National Parks Nature Reserves and Wildlife Refuges Forest Reserves and the Taiwan Forestry Bureau Cultivating a Conservation Ethic Stray Dog Control Pet Registration Charts, tables, and boxes: Environmental Protection Administration Percentage of Measurement Days by Pollutant Standards Index (PSI) Level in the Taiwan Area Government Entities with Missions in Environmental Protection or Resource Conservation Legislative Developments Condition of Taiwan's Central and Prefectural Rivers Environmental Nuisance Complaints 2000 Recycling Amount (Tons) 2000 Wildlife Conservation Law Enforcement Council of Agriculture Private Environmental Protection Groups in Taiwan Nature Reserves Corridor of Conservation Areas in the Central Range Related Websites Transportation Railways High-speed Railway Underground Railway Projects Upgrading Eastern Railways Harbors and Shipping Kaohsiung Harbor Anping Harbor Keelung Harbor Taichung Harbor Hualien Harbor Suao Harbor Affiliate Harbors Makung Harbor Putai Harbor Taipei Harbor Civil Aviation Highways and Freeways Sun Yat-sen Freeway New Freeways Freeway Traffic Control Tolls Urban Traffic Taipei's Traffic Challenge Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit System Development Plan (First Phase) Rapid Transit in Other Cities Charts, tables, and boxes: Taiwan Railway System Transportation Administration Airlines Providing Scheduled International Services to/from Taiwan ROC Domestic Airlines Taiwan Highway Classifications Taiwan Highway Network Taipei Taxi Cabs Islandwide Parking Problem Traffic Control Taipei Metropolitan Area Mass Rapid Transit Systems Developing Network Taipei Rapid Transit System Initial Network Related Websites Labor Labor Rights Legal Framework Labor Standards Law Employment Services Act Protecting Labor Rights Labor Insurance Occupational Safety and Health Labor Inspections Labor Unions and Industrial Relations Elderly Workers and Pensions Foreign Workers Charts, tables, and boxes: Labor Force Participation Rate in Major Countries and Areas Work Hours and Salaries EDAC Conclusions on Employment Issues Duration of Paid Leave Council of Labor Affairs, Executive Yuan Housing Loans for Workers Vocational Training and Occupational Skill Testing Labor Inspections Average Monthly Income per Industry in 2000 Information and Service Centers Foreign Workers Related Websites Science and Technology Public Sector Research NSC-supported MOEA-supported Close Public-Private Sector R&D Cooperation Public Sector Research Facilities Science-based Industrial Parks Industrial Technology Research Institute Research Work Force Other Developments Biotechnology Aeronautics and Space Technology Charts, tables, and boxes: NSC Research Appropriations National Science Council Scientific Research Institutions and Agencies Institute for Information Industry Private Sector Research Institutes Public Research Enterprises ITRI Organizations Internet Growth R&D Expenditures Science and Technology Advisory Group of the Executive Yuan Related Websites Society Public Health Medical Infrastructure Manpower Medical Facilities Accreditation and Licensing Information Exchange Medical Care Network Health Stations Emergency Medical Care System Long-Term Care Health Insurance Integration with Existing Programs Health Promotion Programs Maternal and Child Health Care Genetic Health Program Family Planning Teenage Pregnancy Adult and Geriatric Health Health Control Programs Myopia Control Cancer Control Occupational Disease Prevention Anti-Smoking Campaign The Betel Nut Problem Prevention of Unintentional Injury and Suicide Communicable Diseases Enterovirus Poliomyelitis AIDS Hepatitis Tuberculosis Dengue Fever Quarantine Field Epidemiology Food and Restaurant Regulation Food Sanitation and Regulation Restaurant Regulation Pharmaceutical Regulation Drug Injury Relief Substance Abuse Traditional Chinese Medicine Charts, tables, and boxes: Plans and Programs Medical Personnel in the Taiwan Area 2000 Teaching Hospitals �о��\| in Taiwan Public Health Administration Goals of DOH National Health Insurance Premium Shares Changes in the Nutrition and Health of ROC Nationals Ten Leading Causes of Death by Illness in the Taiwan Area, 2000 Number of Chinese Medicine Hospitals and Clinics, December 2000 Training in Chinese Medicine Related Websites Mass Media News Agencies Print Media Newspapers Representative Publications Magazines General-Interest Journals Special-Interest Magazines Books Broadcasting Radio Station Facilities and Services Television Commercial Television Public Television Motion Pictures Telecommunications Charts, tables, and boxes: Media Penetration Rates National Press Council Foreign Media Represented in the ROC Taipei International Book Exhibition Major Awards for the Media Cable TV Penetration Rate Telecommunications Penetration Rates Internet Penetration Rate Related Websites Education The Educational Mainstream Preschool Fundamental Education Elementary Education Junior High School Secondary Education Senior High School Senior Vocational School Bilateral High School Comprehensive Junior-Senior High School Higher Education Junior Colleges Five-year Junior Colleges Three-year Junior Colleges Two-year Junior Colleges University, Graduate School, and Other Options Alternatives to Mainstream Education Special Education Social Education Supplementary Education Short-term Supplementary Classes Continuing Education Outside of Taiwan International Exchanges Cultural Exchanges Scholastic Exchanges Other Educational Options ROC Educational Reform Mixed Success Inordinate Emphasis on Examinations Multi-route Promotion Programs Shortage of Resources and Opportunities Reform Measures New Paths for Advancement The Nine-year Comprehensive Curriculum for Elementary and Junior High Education Curriculum Revisions Greater Number of Choices A Mixed Reform Outlook Charts, tables, and boxes: Educational Tracks in the ROC Administrative Framework SY2000 Mainstream Primary and Secondary Educational Resources Educational Expenditures in the 2000 Fiscal Year Higher Education Institutional Growth 1988/2000 SY2000 Non-ROC Students in Taiwan Taiwan Area Libraries National Central Library (��a�Ϯ��]) Related Websites Social Welfare Welfare Sources Child Welfare Child Protection Childcare Juvenile Services Campaign Against Drug Abuse Youth Counseling and Guidance Rewriting the Law Teenage Prostitution Women Women's Education Women's Service Networks Female Employment Assistance Divorce Rewriting the Law The Elderly Elderly Pensions Elderly Daycare Independent Housing The Disabled Vocational Training Education of the Disabled Indigenous Peoples Low-Income Households Volunteer Services Charts, tables, and boxes: Drug Seizure and Persons Arrested for Drug Abuse Taipei Women's Services Network Prevention of Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence China Youth Corps Social Welfare Expenditures (Including Retirement Pension) Related Websites Tourism Northern Taiwan: Where Ancient and Modern Coexist Central Taiwan: Enchanting Cascades and Snowy Peaks Southern Taiwan: Bucolic Scenes from the Past Eastern Taiwan: Unspoiled Natural Beauty Chinese Festivals Cuisine ROC Tourism in 2000-2001 New Attractions Travel Services Services for Inbound Tourists Accommodations Transportation Charts, tables, and boxes: Visitor Arrivals by Purpose of Visit, 2000 General Information for Visitors Visa Information Pertinent Customs Regulations for Inbound Passengers Customs Regulations for Outbound Passengers Visitor Information Sources Visitor Arrivals by Country of Residence, 2000 Related Websites Sports and Recreation Sports Facilities Sports in the Schools Sports After Graduation Amateur Sports in the ROC The ROC Sports Federation International Competition Other International Championships Dragon Boat Racing World Sports Events in the ROC 34th Baseball World Cup National Games Kuoshu Training Amateur Athletes Aboriginal Athletes Coaching Sports for Disabled People Special Olympics Professional Sports Professional Golf Professional Baseball Professional Basketball Cross-Strait Sports Exchanges Recreation Outdoor Recreation Charts, tables, and boxes: Number of Sports Facilities in Taiwan ROC Government Units in Charge of Sports New Steps for Developing Athletic Talent Promotion of Sports in the Schools Training Facilities ROC Track and Field National Records (Men's Events) ROC Track and Field National Records (Women's Events) Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee Related Websites Culture The Arts Aboriginal Arts Woodcarving Weaving Architecture Music and Dance Folk Arts Preserving Folk Arts Temple Arts Woodblock Printing Puppetry Master Puppeteers Painting Western-style Oil Painting and Impressionism of the Japanese Era 1950s: Traditional Chinese Painting 1960s: Abstract Art 1970s: New Nativist Art Contemporary Trends Plastic Art Sculpture Ceramics Seal Carving Museums and the Art Market Art Museums Galleries Music Traditional Chinese Music Pei-kuan and Nan-kuan Western Classical Music Western Opera Composers Drama Chinese Opera Peking Opera Taiwanese Opera Other Regional Opera Forms Spoken Drama Non-musical Theater Early Innovators The Performance Workshop Dance The Revival of Modern Dance The Cloud Gate Dance Theatre Diverse Dance Styles Cinema New Wave Cinema Second New Wave Cross-Strait Collaboration Public Art Promoting the Arts National Award for Arts International Art Festivals Charts, tables, and boxes: Further Reading Related Websites Literature Early Taiwanese Literature Aboriginal Traditions Chinese Immigrant Literature Early Colonial Literature Taiwanese New Literature The Colonial Context Taiwanese New Literature Movement Maturation and Growth End of an Era Post-1949 Literature in Taiwan Shifting Literary Trends Mainland Emigre Literature: 1950s Traditionalist Prose Realistic Fiction Modernist Literary Movement: 1960s New Thematic Conventions Formal Innovations Nativist Literary Debate: 1970s Pluralism: 1980s Multiculturalism and Postidentity Politics: 1990s Online Literature The New Millennium Nobel Laureate Gao Xingjian in Taiwan Taiwanese Literature in Translation International Poetry Contest and Festival Earliest Chinese Literary Traditions The Literary-Vernacular Split An Outline of Traditional Chinese Literature Early Antiquity Middle Antiquity Late Antiquity The Premodern Era Modern Chinese Literature The New Literature Movement The Early Period of the New Literature Leftism in the New Literature Charts, tables, and boxes: Further Reading Religion Concerted Efforts to Help Humanity Government and Private Organizations and Institutions Alternative Military Service Cross-Strait Religious Exchanges Confucianism Folk Religion Taoism Buddhism Chinese Buddhism Buddhism in Taiwan Tantric Buddhism Education Missionary and Humanitarian Works Abroad I-kuan Tao Christianity Before 1945 Protestant Church Roman Catholic Church Independent Churches Social Services Islam Chinese Muslim History Muslims in Taiwan Other Independent Religions Religions from the Chinese Mainland Religions from Abroad New Extensions Religions Founded in Taiwan Charts, tables, and boxes: Statistics on Religions in Taiwan Further Reading Appendices Chronology: January 1911 - December 2001 Jan 1911 - Dec 1949 Jan 1950 - Dec 1979 Jan 1980 - Dec 1994 Jan 1995 - Dec 2001 The History of the ROC Before 1949 Introduction Traditional China Chinese Dynastic Chronology East Meets West China's Closed-door Policy Breaking Down the Door The Birth of the ROC Shaky Beginnings The Warlord Era The Japanese Invasion The Rise of the Chinese Communists The War Against Japan Communist Rebellion Constitution of the Republic of China and the Additional Articles ROC Government Directory Office of the President National Assembly Executive Yuan Legislative Yuan Judicial Yuan Examination Yuan Control Yuan Taipei City Government Kaohsiung City Government Directory of ROC Representatives Abroad ROC Embassies and Consulates ROC Representative Offices Directory of Foreign Embassies and Representatives in the ROC Foreign Embassies in the ROC Foreign Representatives in the ROC US State Trade Offices in the ROC Weights and Measures in Use in the ROC National Holidays and Festivals in the ROC A Comparison of Various Chinese Romanization System Editorial Staff and Major Contributors Map of Taiwan Viewing Chinese Characters Yearbook Cover Copyright (C) July 2002, Government Information Office. 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