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Taiwan 2001

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		Introduction Foreword National Symbols National Designation/ROC Year Designations National Anthem National Flag National Flower Biographies Sun Yat-sen (Founding Father, Republic of China) Chen Shui-bian (Tenth-term President, Republic of China) Hsiu-lien Annette Lu (Tenth-term Vice President, Republic of China) Chang Chun-hsuing (Premier, Republic of China) Land and People Geography Taiwan Mountain Ranges Central Range Mount Snow Range Mount Jade Range Mount Ali Range East Coastal Range Volcanic Mountains Foothills Terrace Tablelands Coastal Plains, Basins, and Valleys Rivers Natural Vegetation and Soils Climate Earthquakes Penghu Islands Climate Kinmen (Quemoy) Matsu South China Sea Tungsha (Pratas) Islands Nansha (Spratly) Islands Pacific Coast Islands Charts, tables, and boxes: Position of Taiwan Area of Taiwan High Peaks in Taiwan Major Rivers in Taiwan Climatic Statistics for Selected Locations in Taiwan Typhoons in 1999 Further Reading People Taiwan's Population Distribution Population Policy Gender Imbalance Taiwan's Ethnic Composition The Emergence of the Han Culture Cultural Amalgamation and Assimilation Taiwan's Indigenous Peoples Atayal Saisiyat Bunun Tsou Paiwan and Rukai Puyuma Ami Yami The Life of Taiwan's Indigenous Peoples Today Search for an Appropriate Name Mainland Minorities Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Charts, tables, and boxes: Population Density of the Taiwan Area--December 2000 Population of Indigenous Peoples in Taiwan, 2000 Distribution of Aboriginal Tribes in Taiwan Minority Studies in Taiwan Language Linguistic Features of the Chinese Language Family The Dialects Terminology Defined Dialect Group Characteristics The Written Language Evolution of Chinese Writing Oracle Bone and Tortoise Shell Inscriptions Bronze Inscriptions Types of Chinese Characters Calligraphic Styles Simplified Versus Standard Characters The Written/Vernacular Split The National Language The Choice of Mandarin Phonetic Symbols Romanization Language in Taiwan Today Bilingual Education Foreign Language Education Charts, tables, and boxes: Regions of Chinese Dialects Distribution of Regional Dialects in Taiwan Main Chinese Language Centers in Taiwan Further Reading History East Meets West China's Closed-door Policy Breaking Down the Door The Birth of a New China Shaky Beginnings The Warlord Era Japanese Provocations The Rise of the Chinese Communists The War Against Japan Communist Rebellion The History of Taiwan Earliest Inhabitants European Colonization Cheng Cheng-kung and Defeat of the Dutch Ching Rule Over the Island Japanese Colonization The ROC on Taiwan Economic Transformation Education Politics and Foreign Relations Present and Future Charts, tables, and boxes: Chinese Dynastic Chronology Government and Diplomacy Government The Constitution Constitutional Rights and Freedoms Government, Economic, and Social Policies Governmental Structure The Presidency Functions Special Powers Nominating Officials Resolving Inter-Branch Disputes Exercising Emergency Powers Dissolving the Legislative Yuan The Office of the President Administration Subordinate Offices The National Assembly Delegates Five Government Branches Executive Yuan Executive Yuan Council Ministries and Other Organizations Relationship with the Legislative Yuan Relationship with the Judicial Yuan Relationship with the Examination Yuan Relationship with the Control Yuan Prosecutorial Arm Legislative Yuan Functions and Powers Election and Tenure of Office Immunity and Restrictions Organization and Functions Judicial Yuan The Council of Grand Justices Interpretation of the Constitution Unified Interpretation of Laws and Ordinances The Constitutional Court Commission on the Disciplinary Sanctions of Public Functionaries The ROC Court System District Courts High Courts The Supreme Court The Supreme and High Administrative Courts Judicial Reform Examination Yuan Organization and Functions Examinations Civil Servants Control Yuan Organization Members Functions Provincial Government The Role of the Provincial Government The Provisional Statute on the Adjustment of the Function, Business, and Organization of the Taiwan Provincial Government The Fujian Provincial Government Special Municipality Government Taipei City Government Kaohsiung City Government City Councils City Government and Council Relationship County and Provincial Municipality Governments City Ranking Cities and Townships under County Governments Villages and Boroughs Reinvention of Government Charts, tables, and boxes: ROC Constitutional Amendments Organization of the Central Government Budget Allocation Further Reading Political Parties and Elections Electoral Systems Political Parties The Kuomintang Democratic Progressive Party New Party People First Party Elections First Direct Presidential Election Third National Assembly County Magistrates and City Mayors County and City Councilors and Township Magistrates The 1998 "Three-in-One" Elections 2000 Presidential Election Recalls and Referendums Charts, tables, and boxes: Central Election Commission Percentage of Votes Obtained in Major Elections Between 1997 and 2000 (except 1998 Legislative Yuan Members) Legislative Yuan Elections 2000 Presidential Election Results Cross-Strait Relations The Status of a Divided China Guidelines for National Unification Statute Governing Relations Organizational Structures National Unification Council Mainland Affairs Council Straits Exchange Foundation Cross-Strait Consultations Defining Cross-Strait Relations Public Opinion Polls Unofficial Exchanges The "Three Small Links" Implementation of the TSL for Kinmen and Matsu Shipping Link Merchandise Trade Entry and Exit of Personnel Decriminalization Hong Kong and Macau History of Hong Kong History of Macau Policy Toward Hong Kong and Macau Looking to the Future Charts, tables, and boxes: A Statistical Comparison Unification or Independence? Is the "One Country, Two Systems" Formula Applicable to Solving the Problems Across the Strait Exchanges Between Taiwan and the Chinese Mainland in 1999 National Defense Current Defense Policy Budgetary Reductions Maximizing Effectiveness Command Structure Ministry of National Defense General Staff Headquarters, MND General Headquarters of Each Service Army General Headquarters Navy General Headquarters Air Force General Headquarters Combined Services Force General Headquarters Armed Forces Reserve Command Coast Guard Administration Military Police Command Revision of the Court-Martial Jurisdiction Law Manpower Structure Officers Noncommissioned Officers (NCO) Conscripts Manpower and Equipment Ground Forces Military Police Navy Air Force Military Mobilization Military Education Military Academies Defense R&D Chungshan Institute of Science and Technology Tables, charts, and boxes: Defense Share of Total Government Budget 1991-2001 Foreign Relations Multilateral Relations The United Nations (UN) The World Health Organization (WHO) The World Trade Organization (WTO) Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Development Cooperation and Humanitarian Aid Humanitarian Assistance Bilateralism East Asia and the Pacific Northeast Asia Southeast Asia South Asia Oceania West Asia Africa Europe North America United States Canada Latin America and the Caribbean Conclusion: An End to the Obstruction of Taiwanese Participation Tables, charts, and boxes: ROC Membership in International Non-governmental Organizations Program Distribution of Approved Loans Technical Cooperation by Type of Project Distribution of Technical Mission Projects by Location European Parliaments with "Friends of Taiwan" Groupings Economy The Economy Macroeconomic Indicators Trade Exports Imports Economic Ties with the Chinese Mainland Inward and Outward Investment Services Industry Information Technology Industry Automobile Industry Textiles Petrochemicals Energy Supply Consumption Oil and Natural Gas Coal Electricity Nuclear Power Renewable Energy Sources Energy Prices Charts, tables, and boxes: Major Economic Indicators Trading Partners China External Trade Development Council Government Oversight of the Economy Cross-Strait Trade (MAC Estimates) Approved Mainland Investments by Sector Between 1991 and 1999 Major Inward Investors in 1999 Governmental Economic Planning GDP Sector Percentages Taiwan as a Green Silicon Island Prime Markets for Taiwan's Textiles as a Percentage of Export Value SMEs Finance and Banking Public Finance Government Expenditures Government Revenues Debt Obligations Money and Banking Money Supply Financial Institutions Money Market Bond Market Interest Rates Foreign Exchange Market Stock Market Financial Restructuring Charts, tables, and boxes: Government Revenues and Expenditures Money Supply Financial Institutions Financial Indicators Agriculture Farmers Land Farmland Rezoning Farmland Consolidation Farmland Utilization Project Water Crops Rice Ricefield Diversion Program Rice Purchasing Program Rice Quality Improvement Vegetables Fruits Sugar Cane Tea Flowers Recreational Agriculture Agritourism Fishing Industry Aquaculture Livestock Industry Agricultural Prospects Charts, tables, and boxes: Government Agricultural Agencies Farmland Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center Taiwan Area Tea Industry Major Livestock Production in Taiwan Environmental Protection Air Quality Noise Pollution Water Resources Land Subsidence Solid Waste Disposal Recycling Hazardous Waste Disposal Wildlife Conservation Legal Framework Enforcement of Wildlife Conservation Laws Wildlife Products in Traditional Chinese Medicine Habitat Conservation National Parks National Park Facilities Nature Reserves and Wildlife Refuges Forest Reserves and the Taiwan Forestry Bureau Cultivating a Conservation Ethic Stray Dog Control Pet Registration Charts, tables, and boxes: Environmental Protection Administration Percentage of Measurement Days by Pollutant Standards Index (PSI) Level in the Taiwan Area Government Entities with Missions in Environmental Protection or Resource Conservation Legislative Developments Condition of Taiwan's Primary and Secondary Rivers Environmental Nuisance Complaints 1999 Recycling Amount (Ton) 1999 Wildlife Conservation Law Enforcement Council of Agriculture Private Environmental Protection Groups in Taiwan Nature Reserves Protected Areas in Taiwan Transportation Railways High-speed Railway Underground Railway Projects Upgrading Eastern Railways Harbors and Shipping Kaohsiung Harbor Anping Harbor Affiliate Harbors Makung Harbor Putai Port Keelung Harbor Suao Harbor Taipei Harbor Taichung Harbor Hualien Harbor Civil Aviation Highways and Freeways Sun Yat-sen Freeway New Freeways Freeway Traffic Control Tolls Urban Traffic Taipei's Traffic Challenge Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit System Development Plan (First Phase) Rapid Transit in Other Cities Charts, tables, and boxes: Taiwan Railway System Transportation Administration Airlines Providing Scheduled International Services to/from Taiwan ROC Domestic Airlines Taiwan Highway Classifications Taiwan Highway Network Taipei Taxi Cabs Islandwide Parking Problem Traffic Control Taipei Rapid Transit System Taipei Rapid Transit System Initial Network Labor Labor Rights Legal Framework Labor Standards Law Employment Services Act Recent Legal Developments Protecting Labor Rights Labor Insurance Occupational Safety and Health Labor Inspections Labor Unions and Industrial Relations Elderly Workers and Pensions Foreign Workers Charts, tables, and boxes: Labor Force Participation Rate in Major Countries and Areas Work Hours and Salaries Duration of Paid Leave Council of Labor Affairs, Executive Yuan Labor Inspections Housing Loans for Workers Vocational Training and Occupational Skill Testing Foreign Workers by Nationality Information and Service Centers Average Monthly Income per Industry in 1999 Science and Technology Public Sector Research NSC-supported MOEA-supported Close Public/Private-sector R&D Cooperation Public Sector Research Facilities Science-based Industrial Parks Industrial Technology Research Institute Patents Research Work Force National Information Infrastructure Results to Date Other Developments Biotechnology Aeronautics and Space Technology Charts, tables, and boxes: NSC Research Appropriations National Science Council Scientific Research Institutions and Agencies Institute for Information Industry Public Research Enterprises Organizations under the ITRI Umbrella Private Sector Research Institutes Science and Technology Advisory Group of the Executive Yuan Society Public Health Medical Infrastructure Manpower Medical Facilities Accreditation and Licensing Information Exchange Medical Care Network Health Stations Emergency Medical Care System Health Insurance Integration with Existing Programs Health Promotion Programs Maternal and Child Health Care Genetic Health Program Family Planning Teenage Pregnancy Adult and Geriatric Health Long-Term Care Health Control Programs Myopia Control Cancer Control Occupational Disease Prevention Anti-Smoking Campaign The Betel Nut Problem Prevention of Unintentional Injury and Suicide Communicable Diseases Enterovirus Poliomyelitis AIDS Hepatitis Tuberculosis Dengue Fever Quarantine Field Epidemiology Food and Restaurant Regulation Food Sanitation and Regulation Restaurant Regulation Pharmaceutical Regulation Drug Injury Relief Substance Abuse Traditional Chinese Medicine Charts, tables, and boxes: Plans and Programs Medical Personnel in the Taiwan Area, 1999 Teaching Hospitals in Taiwan Public Health Administration Public Health Policy Report National Health Insurance Premium Shares Changes in the Nutrition and Health of ROC Nationals Ten Leading Causes of Death by Illness in the Taiwan Area, 1999 The September 21, 1999, Earthquake Number of Chinese Hospitals and Clinics, December 1999 Epidemic Prevention Immediately After the September 21, 1999, Earthquake Training in Chinese Medicine Mass Media News Agencies Print Media Newspapers Representative Publications Magazines General-Interest Journals Special-Interest Magazines Books Broadcasting Radio Programming Station Facilities and Services Television Commercial Television Public Television Motion Pictures Film Imports Telecommunications Infrastructure and Services Charts, tables, and boxes: Media Penetration Rates National Press Council Foreign Media Represented in the ROC Internet Penetration Rate Book Purchases in 1999 Taipei International Book Exhibition Taiwan Radio Listeners Major Awards for the Media Telecommunications Penetration Rates Education The Educational Mainstream Preschool Fundamental Education Elementary Education Junior High School Secondary Education Senior High School Senior Vocational School Bilateral High School Comprehensive Junior-Senior High School Higher Education Junior Colleges Five-year Junior Colleges Three-year Junior Colleges Two-year Junior Colleges University, Graduate School, and Other Options Alternatives to Mainstream Education Special Education Social Education Supplementary Education Short-term Supplementary Classes International Exchanges Cultural Exchanges Scholastic Exchanges Other Educational Options ROC Educational Reform Mixed Success Inordinate Emphasis on Examinations Multi-route Promotion Programs Shortage of Resources and Opportunities Reform Measures New Paths for Advancement Curriculum Revisions The Nine-year Comprehensive Curriculum for the Elementary and Junior High Education Greater Number of Choices A Mixed Reform Outlook Charts, tables, and boxes: Educational Tracks in the ROC Administrative Framework 1999-2000 Mainstream Primary and Secondary Educational Resources Educational Expenditures in Fiscal Year 1999 Higher Education Institutional Growth 1988/1999 Non-ROC Students in Taiwan Taiwan Area Libraries National Central Library, Taiwan Branch Social Welfare Changing Welfare Sources Child Welfare Child Protection Childcare Juvenile Services Campaign Against Drug Abuse Youth Counseling and Guidance Rewriting the Law Teenage Prostitution Women Women's Educational Attainment Women's Service Networks Female Employment Assistance Divorce Rewriting the Law The Elderly Elderly Pensions Elderly Daycare Independent Housing The Disabled Vocational Training Education of the Disabled Indigenous Peoples Volunteer Services Low-income Households Charts, tables, and boxes: Social Welfare Expenditures (Including Retirement Pension) Drug Seizure and Persons Arrested for Drug Abuse China Youth Corps Taipei Women's Services Network Tourism Northern Taiwan: Where Ancient and Modern Coexist Central Taiwan: Enchanting Cascades and Snowy Peaks Southern Taiwan: Bucolic Scenes from the Past Eastern Taiwan: Unspoiled Natural Beauty Chinese Festivals Cuisine ROC Tourism in 1999-2000 New Attractions Travel Services Services for Inbound Tourists Accommodations Transportation Charts, tables, and boxes: Visitor Arrivals by Purpose of Visit, 1999 General Information for Visitors Visa Information Pertinent Customs Regulations for Inbound Passengers Customs Regulations for Outbound Passengers Visitor Arrivals by Country of Residence, 1999 Visitor Information Sources Sports and Recreation Sports Facilities Sports in the Schools Sports After Graduation Amateur Sports in the ROC The ROC Sports Federation International Competition 2000 Sydney Olympics Other International Championships Dragon Boat Racing World Sports Events in the ROC National Games Kuoshu Training Amateur Athletes Aboriginal Athletes Coaching Sports for Disabled People Special Olympics Sydney Paralympic Games Professional Sports Professional Golf Professional Baseball Professional Basketball Cross-Strait Sports Exchanges Recreation KTV Outdoor Recreation Charts, tables, and boxes: Number of Sports Facilities in Taiwan New Steps for Developing Athletic Talent Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee Promotion of Sports in the Schools ROC Track and Field National Records (Men's Events) ROC Track and Field National Records (Women's Events) Training Facilities ROC Government Units in Charge of Sports Culture The Arts Aboriginal Arts Woodcarving Weaving Architecture Music and Dance Folk Arts Preserving Folk Arts Traditional Arts Temple Arts Woodblock Printing Puppetry Master Puppeteers Painting Western-style Oil Painting and Impressionism of the Japanese Era 1950s: Traditional Chinese Painting 1960s: Abstract Art 1970s: New Nativist Art Contemporary Trends Plastic Art Sculpture Ceramics Seal Carving Museums and the Art Market Art Museums Galleries Music Traditional Chinese Music Pei-kuan and Nan-kuan Western Classical Music Western Opera Composers Drama Chinese Opera Peking Opera Taiwanese Opera Other Regional Opera Forms Spoken Drama Non-musical Theater Early Innovators The Performance Workshop Dance Mother of Modern Dance The Cloud Gate Dance Theatre Diverse Dance Styles Folk Dance Cinema New Wave Cinema Second New Wave Cross-Strait Collaboration Public Art Charts, tables, and boxes: Further Reading Literature Early Taiwanese Literature Aboriginal Traditions Chinese Immigrant Literature Early Colonial Literature Taiwanese New Literature The Colonial Context Taiwanese New Literature Movement Maturation and Growth End of an Era Post-1949 Literature in Taiwan Shifting Literary Trends Fifties Mainland Emigre Literature Traditionalist Prose Realistic Fiction Modernist Literary Movement New Thematic Conventions Formal Innovations Nativist Literary Debate Eighties Pluralism Nineties Multiculturalism and Postidentity Politics Online Literature Earliest Chinese Literary Traditions The Literary-Vernacular Split An Outline of Traditional Chinese Literature Early Antiquity Middle Antiquity Late Antiquity The Premodern Era Modern Chinese Literature The New Literature Movement The Early Period of the New Literature Leftism in the New Literature Charts, tables, and boxes: Nine Major Literary Events in Taiwan for 1999 Further Reading Religion Upgrading and Expansion of the Religion Section, Civil Affairs Department Alternative Military Service The 921 Earthquake Relief Measures Taoism Buddhism Education Trends Confucianism Folk Religion I-kuan Tao Christianity Islam Other Independent Religions Religions From the Chinese Mainland Religions from Abroad New Extensions Religions Founded in Taiwan Charts, tables, and boxes: Religious Populations, 1999 Further Reading Appendices Chronology: January 1911 - December 2000 Jan 1911 - Dec 1949 Jan 1950 - Dec 1979 Jan 1980 - Dec 1994 Jan 1995 - Dec 2000 The Constitution of the Republic of China and the Additional Articles ROC Government Directory Office of the President National Assembly Executive Yuan Legislative Yuan Judicial Yuan Examination Yuan Control Yuan Taipei City Government Kaohsiung City Government Directory of ROC Representatives Abroad ROC Embassies and Consulates ROC Representative Offices Directory of Foreign Embassies and Representatives in the ROC Foreign Embassies in the ROC Foreign Representatives in the ROC US State Trade Offices in the ROC Weights and Measures in Use in the ROC National and Popular Holidays in the ROC A Comparison of Various Chinese Romanization System Editorial Staff and Major Contributors Map of Taiwan Viewing Chinese Characters Yearbook Cover Copyright (C) May 2001, Government Information Office. 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