Victory Day is celebrated on September 3rd in memory of the official day of China's final victory ending the Eight-year War of Resistance Against Japan.

During the first half of this eight-year war, China fought alone, using outdated armaments to oppose the military destruction wreaked by the modern Japanese force. The mainland theater did not improve for the Chinese until after December 8, 1941, when the Japanese launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, incensing the US and Great Britain to simultaneously declare war on that nation. The protracted struggle came to an end when the Japanese finally capitulated on August 10, 1945, stunned into unconditional surrender by the US atomic bombing of Hiroshima only four days earlier. The official Instrument of Surrender was signed with the Allies on September 2, 1945, on board the U.S.S. Missouri in Tokyo Bay; and one week later, on September 9th at 9:00AM, General Okamura Yasuji, representing all of the Japanese armies in China and Vietnam north of the 16th parallel, submitted Japan's Declaration of Surrender at the Nanking Central Army Academy to China's highest commander-in-chief.

In April 1946, the ROC government designated September 9th as Victory Day, holding the Mid Autumn Martyrs Ceremony every year at this time.

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